Emotional Abuse
Psychological maltreatment, also known as emotional abuse, refers to "a repeated pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme incident(s) that convey to children that they are worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only of value in meeting another's needs."
Summarizing research and expert opinion, Stuart N. Hart, PhD., and Marla R. Brassard, PhD., present six categories of psychological maltreatment:
- Spurning (e.g., belittling, hostile rejecting, ridiculing)
- Terrorizing (e.g., threatening violence against a child, placing a child in a recognizably dangerous situation)
- Isolating (e.g., confining the child, placing unreasonable limitations on the child's freedom of movement, restricting the child from social interactions)
- Exploiting or corrupting (e.g., modeling antisocial behavior such as criminal activities, encouraging prostitution, permitting substance abuse)
- Denying emotional responsiveness (e.g., ignoring the child's attempts to interact, failing to express affection)
- Mental health, medical, and educational neglect (e.g., refusing to allow or failing to provide treatment for serious mental health or medical problems, ignoring the need for services for serious educational needs)1
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